{"id":61592,"date":"2024-09-16T19:41:57","date_gmt":"2024-09-16T17:41:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/cronologia-delle-eruzioni-recenti-dei-crateri-sommitali-delletna\/"},"modified":"2026-01-17T07:05:30","modified_gmt":"2026-01-17T06:05:30","slug":"chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/","title":{"rendered":"Mount Etna Eruptions 2024 | Detailed Timeline of Summit Crater Events"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” transform_scale=”103%|100%” transform_scale_tablet=”103%|100%” transform_scale_phone=”112%|100%” transform_scale_last_edited=”on|phone” transform_scale_linked=”off” transform_translate_tablet=”” transform_translate_phone=”” transform_translate_last_edited=”on|desktop” transform_rotate_tablet=”” transform_rotate_phone=”” transform_rotate_last_edited=”on|desktop” transform_skew_tablet=”” transform_skew_phone=”” transform_skew_last_edited=”on|desktop” transform_origin_tablet=”” transform_origin_phone=”” transform_origin_last_edited=”on|desktop” transform_styles_last_edited=”on|phone” width=”100%” max_width=”100%” transform_styles_tablet=”” transform_styles_phone=”” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_fullwidth_code _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”|||0px||” global_colors_info=”{}”] Mount Etna Eruptions 2024 | Detailed Timeline of Central Crater Events<\/title><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <meta name=\"description\" content=\"Complete chronicle of Mount Etna eruptions from June 14 to August 18, 2024. Interactive timeline of paroxysmal events from Central Crater, lava fountains and strombolian activity with INGV scientific data.\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Etna, eruptions 2024, volcano, Central Crater, Voragine, Bocca Nuova, Northeast Crater, lava fountains, strombolian activity, INGV, vulcanites, lava flows, Sicily, volcanology\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <script type=\"application\/ld+json\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Article\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"mainEntityOfPage\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"WebPage\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@id\": \"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"headline\": \"Chronology of Recent Eruptions of the Summit Craters of Etna\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"description\": \"Detailed chronology of Etna's paroxysmal sequence from June 14 to August 18, 2024, with technical analysis of summit crater eruptive activity, lava fountains and volcanite mapping.\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"image\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"ImageObject\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"url\": \"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cronologia-Eruzioni-Etna-2024.jpg\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"width\": 1200,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"height\": 800,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"caption\": \"Chronology of Etna eruptions 2024\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"author\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Organization\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Volcanological Guides Etna Nord\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"url\": \"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"publisher\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Organization\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Volcanological Guides Etna Nord\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"logo\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"ImageObject\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"url\": \"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo.png\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"datePublished\": \"2024-08-18\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"dateModified\": \"2025-09-15\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"articleSection\": \"Volcanology\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"wordCount\": 1200,<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"inLanguage\": \"en-US\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"about\": [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Place\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@id\": \"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mount_Etna\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Mount Etna\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"description\": \"Active volcano located in Sicily, Italy\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"geo\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"GeoCoordinates\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"latitude\": \"37.7510\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"longitude\": \"14.9934\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"containedInPlace\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Place\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Sicily\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"containedInPlace\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Country\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Italy\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Event\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Etna Paroxysmal Sequence 2024\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"startDate\": \"2024-06-14\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"endDate\": \"2024-08-18\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"location\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Place\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Summit Craters of Etna\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"geo\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"GeoCoordinates\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"latitude\": \"37.7510\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"longitude\": \"14.9934\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"description\": \"Intense eruptive activity of Etna's summit craters with lava fountains, lava flows and ash emissions\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> ],<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"mentions\": [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Place\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Central Crater (Voragine)\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"description\": \"Main crater protagonist of the 2024 eruptive sequence\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Place\", <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Bocca Nuova\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"description\": \"Adjacent crater that hosted the initial lava flows\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Place\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Northeast Crater\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"description\": \"Crater with intermittent explosive episodes\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Place\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Catania\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"description\": \"City affected by volcanic ash fallout\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Place\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Syracuse\", <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"description\": \"City reached by volcanic ash fallout\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Organization\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"INGV\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"description\": \"National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> ],<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"keywords\": [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"Etna\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"volcano\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"eruption\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"2024\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"lava fountains\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"strombolian activity\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"summit craters\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"Voragine\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"Bocca Nuova\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"volcanology\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"Sicily\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"lava flows\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"volcanic ash\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"paroxysm\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"volcanic monitoring\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"INGV\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> ],<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"temporalCoverage\": \"2024-06-14\/2024-08-18\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"spatialCoverage\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Place\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Mount Etna and surrounding areas\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"geo\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"GeoShape\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"box\": \"37.6 14.8 37.8 15.1\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"genre\": [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"Scientific article\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"Volcanological documentation\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"Scientific chronicle\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> ],<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"educationalLevel\": \"Intermediate\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"audience\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Audience\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"audienceType\": [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"Volcanology scholars\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"Geology enthusiasts\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"Etna tourists\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"Local population\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"Scientists\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"Researchers\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> ]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"isPartOf\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Website\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Volcanological Guides Etna Nord\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"url\": \"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"mainEntity\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"VolcanicEruption\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Etna Summit Craters Eruption 2024\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"startDate\": \"2024-06-14\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"endDate\": \"2024-08-18\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"location\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Volcano\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"Mount Etna\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"geo\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"GeoCoordinates\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"latitude\": \"37.7510\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"longitude\": \"14.9934\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"citation\": [<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"Organization\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"name\": \"INGV - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.ingv.it\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> ]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<style><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> * {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> box-sizing: border-box;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> body {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-family: 'Georgia', 'Times New Roman', serif;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: #000000;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #ffffff;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 1.6;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> overflow-x: hidden;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .hero-section {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: #000000;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 40px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-align: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> overflow: hidden;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .container {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> max-width: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 0 auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 0 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> z-index: 2;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> h1 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 3rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 700;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #f4d03f;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> letter-spacing: 2px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-family: 'Georgia', serif;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 30px 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: #000000;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-align: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> outline: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> box-shadow: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .subtitle {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1.8rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #ffa500;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 40px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 300;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-style: italic;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> letter-spacing: 1px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.6);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-family: 'Georgia', serif;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .intro {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1.2rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> max-width: 800px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 0 auto 40px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #e0e0e0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.8);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .photo-hero {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 40px auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-align: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> max-width: 900px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .photo-hero img {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> max-width: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border: 3px solid #ff6b35;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(255, 107, 53, 0.3);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> transition: transform 0.3s ease;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .photo-hero img:hover {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> transform: scale(1.02);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .photo-section {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: #000000;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 40px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .photo-timeline {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 40px auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-align: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> max-width: 800px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .photo-timeline img {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border: 3px solid #dc143c;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(220, 20, 60, 0.3);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> transition: transform 0.3s ease;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .photo-timeline img:hover {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> transform: scale(1.02);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 40px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: #000000;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .section-title {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-align: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 2.5rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 50px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #ff6b35;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.8);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-container {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> max-width: 1000px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 0 auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-line {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: absolute;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> left: 50%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> top: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> bottom: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 4px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #ff6b35, #dc143c, #8b0000);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> transform: translateX(-50%);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(255, 107, 53, 0.5);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-item {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 80px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> opacity: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease forwards;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-item:nth-child(odd) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> animation-delay: 0.2s;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-item:nth-child(even) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> animation-delay: 0.4s;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> @keyframes fadeInUp {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> from {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> opacity: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> transform: translateY(50px);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> to {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> opacity: 1;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> transform: translateY(0);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: #000000;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border: 2px solid #ff6b35;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 45%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(255, 107, 53, 0.3);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> backdrop-filter: blur(10px);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> transition: all 0.3s ease;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-top: 50px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-content:hover {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> transform: translateY(-5px);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> box-shadow: 0 15px 40px rgba(255, 107, 53, 0.3);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-color: #ffa500;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-item:nth-child(odd) .timeline-content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-left: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-item:nth-child(even) .timeline-content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-left: 55%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-content::before {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> content: '';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: absolute;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> top: 30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border: 15px solid transparent;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-item:nth-child(odd) .timeline-content::before {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> right: -30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-left-color: #ff6b35;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-item:nth-child(even) .timeline-content::before {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> left: -30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-right-color: #ff6b35;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-date {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: absolute;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> left: 50%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> top: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> transform: translateX(-50%);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ff6b35, #f7931e);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #000;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 12px 25px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 25px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: bold;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(255, 107, 53, 0.4);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> z-index: 10;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> white-space: nowrap;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .event-title {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #ffa500;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1.4rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: bold;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .event-description {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #e0e0e0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 1.6;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .technical-details {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: #000000;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border: 1px solid #dc143c;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-left: 4px solid #ff6b35;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-top: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 5px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .technical-details h4 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #ffa500;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 10px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1.1rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .technical-details p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 0.95rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #d0d0d0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .highlight {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(255, 107, 53, 0.2) 0%, rgba(247, 147, 30, 0.2) 100%);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 3px 8px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 5px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: bold;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #ffa500;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .stats-section {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: #000000;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 40px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-top: 1px solid #333;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .stats-grid {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: grid;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> gap: 30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-top: 40px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .stat-card {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: #000000;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border: 2px solid #dc143c;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-align: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> transition: all 0.3s ease;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> overflow: hidden;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .stat-card::before {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> content: '';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: absolute;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> top: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> left: -100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(255, 107, 53, 0.3), transparent);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> transition: left 0.5s;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .stat-card:hover::before {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> left: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .stat-card:hover {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> transform: translateY(-5px);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-color: #ff6b35;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> box-shadow: 0 15px 30px rgba(220, 20, 60, 0.3);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .stat-number {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 2.2rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: bold;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #ff6b35;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 10px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .stat-label {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #e0e0e0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 1.3;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .footer {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: #000000;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 40px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-align: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-top: 2px solid #ff6b35;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .footer-content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #888;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 0.9rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .footer-highlight {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #ff6b35;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: bold;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .crater-info {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: #000000;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 30px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-top: 1px solid #333;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .crater-grid {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: grid;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> gap: 30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-top: 30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .crater-card {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: #000000;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border: 1px solid #ff6b35;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 10px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 25px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .crater-card h3 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #ffa500;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1.3rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> @media (max-width: 768px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> h1 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 2rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 20px 15px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> letter-spacing: 1px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .subtitle {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1.2rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .intro {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 0 10px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .section-title {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1.6rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-line {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> left: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: calc(100% - 60px);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-left: 50px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-top: 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-content::before {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-date {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> left: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> transform: translateX(0);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 0.8rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 8px 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: fit-content;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-item {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 30px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .event-title {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1.2rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .event-description {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 0.9rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .technical-details {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-top: 10px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .technical-details h4 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .technical-details p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 0.85rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .stats-grid {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> grid-template-columns: 1fr;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> gap: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .stat-card {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .stat-number {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1.8rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .stat-label {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 0.9rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .crater-grid {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> grid-template-columns: 1fr;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> gap: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .crater-card {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .crater-card h3 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1.1rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .hero-section {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 20px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 30px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .crater-info {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 20px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .stats-section {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 30px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .footer {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 20px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .photo-hero, .photo-timeline {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 30px auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> @media (max-width: 480px) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> h1 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1.8rem !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 15px 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .subtitle {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1.1rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .intro {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 0.95rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .section-title {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1.4rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: calc(100% - 50px);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-left: 40px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .timeline-date {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> left: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 0.75rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 6px 10px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .event-title {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1.1rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .event-description {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 0.85rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .stat-number {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 1.6rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .stat-label {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 0.85rem;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .intensity-indicator {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: inline-block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 50%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-right: 8px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> animation: pulse 2s infinite;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .intensity-low { background: #ffa500; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .intensity-medium { background: #ff6b35; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .intensity-high { background: #dc143c; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .intensity-extreme { background: #8b0000; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> @keyframes pulse {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> 0%, 100% { opacity: 1; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> 50% { opacity: 0.5; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/style>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/head><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><body><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<header class=\"hero-section\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h1>Mount Etna Eruptions Chronicle 2024<\/h1>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"subtitle\">The Paroxysmal Sequence of Summit Craters<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"intro\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Mount Etna, Europe’s most active volcano, experienced a period of intense eruptive activity <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> between June 14 and August 18, 2024. The Central Crater, also known as Voragine (VOR), <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> played a central role in this eruptive phase, involving adjacent craters as well, <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> such as Bocca Nuova (BN) and Northeast Crater (NEC).<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- PHOTO 1 - Below title --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"photo-hero\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cronologia-Eruzioni-Etna-2024.jpg\" alt=\"Etna 2024\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/header>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section class=\"crater-info\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"section-title\">The Protagonist Craters<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"crater-grid\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"crater-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3>Central Crater (Voragine – VOR)<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The main protagonist of the 2024 eruptive sequence, characterized by intense lava fountains and continuous strombolian activity.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"crater-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3>Bocca Nuova (BN)<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Adjacent crater that hosted the initial lava flows and witnessed the evolution of the most advanced paroxysmal activity.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"crater-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3>Northeast Crater (NEC)<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Showed intermittent explosive episodes, launching lithic blocks up to nearly 1 km distance during the most intense phases.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- PHOTO 2 - Before Timeline --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section class=\"photo-section\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"photo-timeline\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cronologia-Eruzioni-Etna.png\" alt=\"Etna Craters\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section class=\"timeline\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"section-title\">Detailed Timeline of Eruptive Events<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-line\"><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-date\">June 14, 2024<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"event-title\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"intensity-indicator intensity-low\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Onset of Eruptive Activity<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"event-description\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Activity at the <span class=\"highlight\">Central Crater<\/span> begins with a gradual <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> but constant increase in intensity and frequency of strombolian explosions. These explosions <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> poured lava flows inside <span class=\"highlight\">Bocca Nuova<\/span>, <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> keeping the activity confined within this crater for several weeks. <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> The explosions became increasingly frequent and vigorous.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-date\">July 4, 2024<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"event-title\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"intensity-indicator intensity-medium\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Evolution to Lava Fountain<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"event-description\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Starting at <span class=\"highlight\">16:15 UTC<\/span>, the strombolian activity at Central <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Crater (Voragine) evolved into a lava fountain, producing an eruptive column <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> that reached a height of approximately <span class=\"highlight\">4,500 meters above sea level<\/span>. <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> The eruptive column propagated southeast, causing significant ashfall <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> on several settlements in the southeastern area of Etna, reaching as far as <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"highlight\">Syracuse and beyond<\/span>.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"event-description\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> The lava fountain activity gradually weakened during the night between <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> July 4 and 5, ceasing completely around <span class=\"highlight\">01:50 UTC on July 5<\/span>. <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> After the fountain ended, strombolian activity continued for about an hour before <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> ceasing completely.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-date\">July 5-8, 2024<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"event-title\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"intensity-indicator intensity-low\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Surveys and Mapping of Vulcanites<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"event-description\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> On July 5 and 8, <span class=\"highlight\">drone surveys<\/span> were conducted <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> to map the vulcanites from eruptive events of July 4 and 7 and update the topography <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> of summit craters.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"technical-details\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h4>Technical Survey Data:<\/h4>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee><strong>Extracrateric flow area:<\/strong> 0.4 \u00d7 10\u2075 m\u00b2 with volume of approximately 1 \u00d7 10\u2075 m\u00b3<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee><strong>Intracrateric flow area:<\/strong> 0.6 \u00d7 10\u2075 m\u00b2<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee><strong>Proximal pyroclastic deposit area:<\/strong> 0.8 \u00d7 10\u2075 m\u00b2<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee><strong>Flow front elevation (July 8, 16:00 UTC):<\/strong> 3,016 meters a.s.l.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-date\">July 10, 2024<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"event-title\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"intensity-indicator intensity-high\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Peak of Eruptive Activity<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"event-description\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> The eruption reached a new intensity peak. Lava fountains exceeded <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"highlight\">1,000 meters in height<\/span> and an eruptive column of ash and gas <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> rose up to <span class=\"highlight\">10 kilometers into the atmosphere<\/span>, causing significant disruption <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> to air traffic, including the <span class=\"highlight\">temporary closure of Catania airport<\/span>. <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Lava flows continued advancing, destroying vegetation and threatening agricultural areas.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-date\">July 15, 2024<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"event-title\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"intensity-indicator intensity-medium\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Activity Decrease<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"event-description\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Eruptive activity at the Central Crater began to diminish, ceasing completely <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> around <span class=\"highlight\">2 AM<\/span>. In the following days, before the <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> July 23 lava fountain, ash emissions resumed, followed by intermittent <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> strombolian activity. These emissions indicated a less intense but continuous phase of activity.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-date\">July 23, 2024<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"event-title\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"intensity-indicator intensity-high\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Lava Fountain and NEC Explosion Resumption<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"event-description\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> On the morning of July 23, after a night of intense strombolian activity, a new lava <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> fountain began around <span class=\"highlight\">7:45 AM<\/span>. This event produced <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> a gas and ash column that remained sustained until <span class=\"highlight\">12:00 PM<\/span>, <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> then gradually diminished until completely exhausted.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"event-description\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Subsequently, as occurred after the July 15 event, the <span class=\"highlight\">Northeast <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Crater<\/span> resumed sudden explosions, launching lithic blocks to <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"highlight\">nearly 1 km distance<\/span>.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-date\">July 25, 2024<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"event-title\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"intensity-indicator intensity-low\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Explosions and Ash Emissions<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"event-description\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Eruptive activity continued with explosions and ash emissions from both <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"highlight\">Voragine<\/span> and, sporadically, from the <span class=\"highlight\">Northeast <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Crater<\/span>. The emitted ash dissolved in the atmosphere without causing major <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> fallout in surrounding areas.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-date\">August 5, 2024<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"event-title\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"intensity-indicator intensity-extreme\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> The Most Powerful Lava Fountain<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"event-description\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Eruptive activity reached a new climax with <span class=\"highlight\">the most powerful lava fountain <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> of the entire paroxysmal series<\/span>. Incandescent jets exceeded <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"highlight\">2,000 meters in height above the crater rim<\/span>, causing additional <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> lava flows toward the southwestern and western flanks. This event marked <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> (up to this moment) the most intense phenomenon of the paroxysmal sequence.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"technical-details\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h4>Final Vulcanite Map (August 4, 2024):<\/h4>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>During the following week, the final map of vulcanites related to <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> the August 4 eruptive event was produced. The map was obtained by analyzing thermal infrared images <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> acquired on August 4 via drone by the Cartography and Drone Laboratory, <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> and Sentinel-2 satellite images from August 9.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee><strong>Formation:<\/strong> A single extracrateric lava field, divided into three main branches <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> that crossed the road at 3,000m elevation at three distinct points, along with an extracrateric reomorphic flow.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee><strong>Minimum elevations reached:<\/strong><\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>\u2022 Western flow: <strong>2,922 m a.s.l.<\/strong> (lowest elevation)<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>\u2022 Northwestern flow: <strong>3,042 m a.s.l.<\/strong><\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>\u2022 Southwestern flow: <strong>2,988 m a.s.l.<\/strong><\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee><strong>Areas covered:<\/strong><\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>\u2022 Extracrateric flow: <strong>3.7 \u00d7 10\u2075 m\u00b2<\/strong><\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>\u2022 Reomorphic flow: <strong>0.7 \u00d7 10\u2075 m\u00b2<\/strong><\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>\u2022 Proximal pyroclastic deposit: <strong>1.1 \u00d7 10\u2075 m\u00b2<\/strong><\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee><strong>Total volume emitted:<\/strong> <strong>2.7 \u00d7 10\u2076 m\u00b3<\/strong> (lava flows + pyroclastic deposit)<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee><strong>Average thicknesses:<\/strong> 4 meters (extracrateric and reomorphic flows), 9 meters (proximal pyroclastic deposits)<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-date\">August 12-13, 2024<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"event-title\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"intensity-indicator intensity-medium\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Renewed Strombolian Activity<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"event-description\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> On August 12 and 13, Central Crater strombolian activity was <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> characterized by <span class=\"highlight\">launching of lava shreds along the flanks of the scoria cone <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> of Bocca Nuova<\/span>. This activity further fueled the eruption, <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> preparing the ground for a new paroxysmal episode.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-date\">August 14-15, 2024<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"event-title\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"intensity-indicator intensity-high\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Last Paroxysmal Event<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"event-description\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> On the afternoon of August 14, around <span class=\"highlight\">18:00 UTC<\/span>, an intensification <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> of strombolian activity was observed, which gradually evolved into a lava fountain <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> starting from <span class=\"highlight\">22:30 UTC<\/span>. During this phase, lava flows <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> were produced that exceeded the western rim of Bocca Nuova, partially overlapping <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> the lava field formed on August 5.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-item\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-date\">August 18, 2024<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"timeline-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3 class=\"event-title\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"intensity-indicator intensity-low\"><\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Bocca Nuova Explosions – End of Cycle<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"event-description\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> In the early morning of August 18, 2024, two significant explosive sequences occurred <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> at <span class=\"highlight\">Bocca Nuova<\/span>. The first explosion occurred at <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"highlight\">02:30 UTC<\/span>, followed by a second at <span class=\"highlight\">02:59 UTC<\/span>, <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> both lasting approximately <span class=\"highlight\">4-6 minutes<\/span>.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"event-description\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> These events marked the last significant phase of explosive activity at the Central Crater <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> during the considered period. We will see in the coming days whether the volcano intends to <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> resume eruptive activity or conclude this cycle of episodes characterized by strombolian <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> activity and lava fountains.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- PHOTO 3 - After Timeline --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section class=\"photo-section\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"photo-timeline\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cronologia-Eruzioni-Etna-nord-est.jpg\" alt=\"Etna Northeast\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section class=\"stats-section\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"section-title\">Scientific Data and INGV Measurements<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stats-grid\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-number\">2000m<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-label\">Maximum Height of Lava Fountains (August 5)<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-number\">10km<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-label\">Eruptive Column Height (July 10)<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-number\">4.5km<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-label\">Eruptive Column Height During July 4 Event<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-number\">2.7\u00d710\u2076m\u00b3<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-label\">Total Volume of Material Emitted<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-number\">3.7\u00d710\u2075m\u00b2<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-label\">Area Covered by Extracrateric Flows<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-number\">2922m<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-label\">Minimum Elevation Reached (Western Flow)<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-number\">1.1\u00d710\u2075m\u00b2<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-label\">Proximal Pyroclastic Deposit Area<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-number\">66 days<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-label\">Total Duration of Eruptive Sequence<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-number\">3 branches<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-label\">Main Branches of Lava Field (August 4)<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-number\">~1km<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-label\">Maximum Distance of Lithic Blocks (NEC)<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-number\">9m<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-label\">Average Thickness of Pyroclastic Deposits<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-number\">4m<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"stat-label\">Average Thickness of Lava Flows<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<footer class=\"footer\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"container\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"footer-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Scientific data provided in collaboration with <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"footer-highlight\">INGV – Etna Observatory<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/footer>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/body><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/html>[\/et_pb_fullwidth_code][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Cronologia delle Eruzioni Recenti del Cratere Centrale dell'Etna (14 giugno - 18 agosto 2024)<\/h1>\r\nL'Etna, il vulcano pi\u00f9 attivo d'Europa, ha attraversato un periodo di intensa attivit\u00e0 eruttiva tra il 14 giugno e il 18 agosto 2024. Il Cratere Centrale, noto anche come Voragine (VOR), ha svolto un ruolo centrale in questa fase eruttiva, coinvolgendo anche i crateri adiacenti, come la Bocca Nuova (BN) e il Cratere di Nord-Est (CNE). Di seguito viene fornita una cronologia dettagliata degli eventi eruttivi.\r\n\r\n14 giugno 2024: Inizio dell'attivit\u00e0 eruttiva\r\n\r\nL'attivit\u00e0 del Cratere Centrale \u00e8 iniziata il 14 giugno 2024, con un incremento graduale ma costante dell'intensit\u00e0 e della frequenza delle esplosioni stromboliane. Queste esplosioni hanno riversato colate di lava all'interno della Bocca Nuova, mantenendo l'attivit\u00e0 confinata all'interno di questo cratere per diverse settimane. Le esplosioni sono diventate sempre pi\u00f9 frequenti e vigorose.\r\n\r\n4 luglio 2024: Evoluzione a fontana di lava\r\n\r\nA partire dalle 16:15 UTC del 4 luglio, l'attivit\u00e0 stromboliana al Cratere Centrale (Voragine) si \u00e8 evoluta in una fontana di lava, producendo una colonna eruttiva che ha raggiunto un'altezza di circa 4500 metri sul livello del mare. La colonna eruttiva si \u00e8 propagata in direzione sud-est, provocando una significativa ricaduta di cenere su diversi abitati dell'area sud-orientale dell'Etna, fino a raggiungere Siracusa e oltre.\r\n\r\nL'attivit\u00e0 della fontana di lava si \u00e8 gradualmente affievolita nel corso della notte tra il 4 e il 5 luglio, cessando del tutto intorno alle 01:50 UTC del 5 luglio. Dopo la fine della fontana, l'attivit\u00e0 stromboliana \u00e8 proseguita per circa un'ora prima di cessare completamente.\r\n\r\n5-8 luglio 2024: Rilievi e mappatura delle vulcaniti\r\n\r\nNei giorni 5 e 8 luglio, sono stati eseguiti rilievi con droni per mappare le vulcaniti degli eventi eruttivi del 4 e del 7 luglio e aggiornare la topografia dei crateri sommitali. I rilievi hanno rivelato che l'area ricoperta dalla colata extracraterica \u00e8 pari a 0,4 x 10^5 m\u00b2, con un volume di circa 1 x 10^5 m\u00b3 (in rosso in Figura 3.1). L'area ricoperta dalla colata intracraterica \u00e8 pari a 0,6 x 10^5 m\u00b2 (in arancione in Figura 3.1), mentre l'area ricoperta dal deposito piroclastico prossimale \u00e8 pari a 0,8 x 10^5 m\u00b2 (in giallo in Figura 3.1). Al giorno 8 luglio, alle 16:00 UTC, la quota del fronte della colata si attestava a 3016 metri s.l.m.\r\n\r\n10 luglio 2024: Picco dell'attivit\u00e0 eruttiva\r\n\r\nIl 10 luglio, l'eruzione ha raggiunto un nuovo picco di intensit\u00e0. Le fontane di lava hanno superato i 1000 metri di altezza e una colonna eruttiva di cenere e gas si \u00e8 elevata fino a 10 chilometri nell'atmosfera, causando disagi significativi al traffico aereo, inclusa la chiusura temporanea dell'aeroporto di Catania. Le colate laviche hanno continuato ad avanzare, distruggendo vegetazione e minacciando aree agricole.\r\n\r\n15 luglio 2024: Diminuzione dell'attivit\u00e0\r\n\r\nIl 15 luglio, l'attivit\u00e0 eruttiva del Cratere Centrale ha iniziato a diminuire, cessando completamente intorno alle 2 del mattino. Nei giorni successivi, prima della fontana di lava del 23 luglio, sono riprese le emissioni di cenere, seguite da un'attivit\u00e0 stromboliana intermittente. Queste emissioni hanno indicato una fase di attivit\u00e0 meno intensa ma continua.\r\n\r\n23 luglio 2024: Fontana di lava e ripresa delle esplosioni al Cratere di Nord-Est\r\n\r\nLa mattina del 23 luglio, dopo una notte di intensa attivit\u00e0 stromboliana, una nuova fontana di lava ha avuto inizio intorno alle 7:45. Questo evento ha prodotto una colonna di gas e ceneri che \u00e8 rimasta sostenuta fino alle 12:00, per poi diminuire gradualmente fino a esaurirsi completamente. Successivamente, come avvenuto dopo l'evento del 15 luglio, il Cratere di Nord-Est ha ripreso le esplosioni improvvise, lanciando blocchi litici a quasi 1 km di distanza.\r\n\r\n25 luglio 2024: Esplosioni ed emissioni di cenere\r\n\r\nIl 25 luglio, l'attivit\u00e0 eruttiva \u00e8 proseguita con esplosioni e emissioni di cenere sia dalla Voragine che, sporadicamente, dal Cratere di Nord-Est. Le ceneri emesse si sono dissolte nell'atmosfera senza causare grosse ricadute nelle aree circostanti.\r\n\r\n5 agosto 2024: La fontana di lava pi\u00f9 potente\r\n\r\nIl 5 agosto, l'attivit\u00e0 eruttiva ha raggiunto un nuovo culmine con la fontana di lava pi\u00f9 potente dell'intera serie parossistica. I getti incandescenti hanno superato i 2000 metri di altezza sopra l'orlo craterico, causando ulteriori colate laviche verso i versanti sud-occidentale e occidentale. Questo evento ha segnato (fino in questo momento) \u00a0il fenomeno pi\u00f9 intenso della sequenza parossistica.\r\n\r\nMappa finale delle vulcaniti dell'evento del 4 agosto 2024\r\n\r\nDurante la settimana successiva, \u00e8 stata prodotta la mappa finale delle vulcaniti relative all'evento eruttivo del 4 agosto. La mappa \u00e8 stata ottenuta analizzando le immagini nel campo dell\u2019infrarosso termico acquisite il 4 agosto tramite drone dal Laboratorio di Cartografia e Droni, e le immagini satellitari Sentinel-2 del 9 agosto. Si \u00e8 formato un unico campo lavico extracraterico, suddiviso in tre bracci principali che hanno attraversato la strada a quota 3000 in tre punti distinti, insieme a una colata reomorfica extracraterica.\r\n\r\nIl flusso lavico che ha raggiunto la quota minima pi\u00f9 bassa \u00e8 quello diretto verso ovest, che si \u00e8 arrestato a 2922 m s.l.m. I flussi diretti verso nord-ovest e sud-ovest hanno invece raggiunto rispettivamente le quote minime di 3042 m e 2988 m s.l.m. L'area totale coperta dalla colata extracraterica \u00e8 stata stimata in circa 3,7 x 10^5 m\u00b2, mentre l'area coperta dalla colata reomorfica \u00e8 di circa 0,7 x 10^5 m\u00b2. L'area coperta dal deposito piroclastico prossimale \u00e8 pari a 1,1 x 10^5 m\u00b2.\r\n\r\nIl volume totale di materiale emesso, tra colate laviche e deposito piroclastico prossimale, \u00e8 stato stimato in circa 2,7 x 10^6 m\u00b3, con spessori medi di 4 metri per le colate extracrateriche e reomorfica, e di 9 metri per i depositi piroclastici prossimali. Questi valori sono stati ottenuti dal confronto dei modelli digitali del terreno estratti dalle immagini acquisite tramite drone, in collaborazione con l'INGV - Osservatorio Etneo.\r\n\r\n12-13 agosto 2024: Rinnovata attivit\u00e0 stromboliana\r\n\r\nNelle giornate del 12 e 13 agosto, l'attivit\u00e0 stromboliana del Cratere Centrale \u00e8 stata caratterizzata dal lancio di brandelli di lava lungo i fianchi del cono di scorie della Bocca Nuova. Questa attivit\u00e0 ha alimentato ulteriormente l'eruzione, preparando il terreno per un nuovo episodio parossistico.\r\n\r\n14-15 agosto 2024: Ultimo evento parossistico\r\n\r\nNel pomeriggio del 14 agosto, intorno alle 18:00 UTC, si \u00e8 osservata un'intensificazione dell'attivit\u00e0 stromboliana, che \u00e8 gradualmente evoluta in una fontana di lava a partire dalle 22:30 UTC. Durante questa fase, sono stati prodotti flussi lavici che hanno oltrepassato l'orlo occidentale della Bocca Nuova, sovrapponendosi in parte al campo lavico formatosi il 5 agosto.\r\n\r\n18 agosto 2024: Esplosioni alla Bocca Nuova\r\n\r\nNella prima mattinata del 18 agosto 2024, si sono verificate due sequenze esplosive significative alla Bocca Nuova. La prima esplosione \u00e8 avvenuta alle 02:30 UTC, seguita da una seconda alle 02:59 UTC, entrambe della durata di circa 4-6 minuti.\r\n\r\nQuesti eventi hanno segnato l'ultima fase significativa di attivit\u00e0 esplosiva del Cratere Centrale nel periodo considerato, staremo a vedere nei prossimi giorni, se il vulcano avr\u00e0 intenzione di riprendere le attivit\u00e0 eruttive o concludere questo ciclo di episodi caratterizzati da attivit\u00e0 stromboliana e fontane di lava.","_et_gb_content_width":"2880","footnotes":""},"categories":[2113,927,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-en","category-etna-eruzioni-recenti","category-storia-evolutiva-del-vulcano-etna"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mount Etna Eruptions 2024 | Detailed Timeline of Summit Crater Events - Guide Vulcanologiche Etna Nord<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Complete chronicle of Mount Etna eruptions from June 14 to August 18, 2024. Interactive timeline of paroxysmal events from Central Crater, lava fountains and strombolian activity with INGV scientific data.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mount Etna Eruptions 2024 | Detailed Timeline of Summit Crater Events - Guide Vulcanologiche Etna Nord\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Complete chronicle of Mount Etna eruptions from June 14 to August 18, 2024. Interactive timeline of paroxysmal events from Central Crater, lava fountains and strombolian activity with INGV scientific data.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Guide Vulcanologiche Etna Nord\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/guidevulcanologiche\/?ref=ts&amp%3bamp%3bamp%3bfref=ts\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-09-16T17:41:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-17T06:05:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cronologia-Eruzioni-Etna-2024.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"GuideV\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"GuideV\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"GuideV\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/100399a111d4a3ff97a15cc8bd91e86f\"},\"headline\":\"Mount Etna Eruptions 2024 | Detailed Timeline of Summit Crater Events\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-09-16T17:41:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-17T06:05:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1121,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Cronologia-Eruzioni-Etna-2024.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"EN\",\"Etna - Eruzioni recenti\",\"Il Vulcano Etna\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\\\/\",\"name\":\"Mount Etna Eruptions 2024 | Detailed Timeline of Summit Crater Events - Guide Vulcanologiche Etna Nord\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Cronologia-Eruzioni-Etna-2024.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-09-16T17:41:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-17T06:05:30+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/100399a111d4a3ff97a15cc8bd91e86f\"},\"description\":\"Complete chronicle of Mount Etna eruptions from June 14 to August 18, 2024. Interactive timeline of paroxysmal events from Central Crater, lava fountains and strombolian activity with INGV scientific data.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Cronologia-Eruzioni-Etna-2024.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/Cronologia-Eruzioni-Etna-2024.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Mount Etna Eruptions 2024 | Detailed Timeline of Summit Crater Events\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Guide Vulcanologiche Etna Nord\",\"description\":\"Guide Etna Abilitate\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/100399a111d4a3ff97a15cc8bd91e86f\",\"name\":\"GuideV\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/90bb4feedf91f89b8c0278587564128202b29365bc37ea86a60ca3ef42414475?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/90bb4feedf91f89b8c0278587564128202b29365bc37ea86a60ca3ef42414475?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/90bb4feedf91f89b8c0278587564128202b29365bc37ea86a60ca3ef42414475?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"GuideV\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\\\/en\\\/author\\\/guidev\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Mount Etna Eruptions 2024 | Detailed Timeline of Summit Crater Events - Guide Vulcanologiche Etna Nord","description":"Complete chronicle of Mount Etna eruptions from June 14 to August 18, 2024. Interactive timeline of paroxysmal events from Central Crater, lava fountains and strombolian activity with INGV scientific data.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Mount Etna Eruptions 2024 | Detailed Timeline of Summit Crater Events - Guide Vulcanologiche Etna Nord","og_description":"Complete chronicle of Mount Etna eruptions from June 14 to August 18, 2024. Interactive timeline of paroxysmal events from Central Crater, lava fountains and strombolian activity with INGV scientific data.","og_url":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/","og_site_name":"Guide Vulcanologiche Etna Nord","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/guidevulcanologiche\/?ref=ts&%3bamp%3bamp%3bfref=ts","article_published_time":"2024-09-16T17:41:57+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-01-17T06:05:30+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cronologia-Eruzioni-Etna-2024.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"GuideV","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"GuideV","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/"},"author":{"name":"GuideV","@id":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/100399a111d4a3ff97a15cc8bd91e86f"},"headline":"Mount Etna Eruptions 2024 | Detailed Timeline of Summit Crater Events","datePublished":"2024-09-16T17:41:57+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-17T06:05:30+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/"},"wordCount":1121,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cronologia-Eruzioni-Etna-2024.jpg","articleSection":["EN","Etna - Eruzioni recenti","Il Vulcano Etna"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/","url":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/","name":"Mount Etna Eruptions 2024 | Detailed Timeline of Summit Crater Events - Guide Vulcanologiche Etna Nord","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cronologia-Eruzioni-Etna-2024.jpg","datePublished":"2024-09-16T17:41:57+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-17T06:05:30+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/100399a111d4a3ff97a15cc8bd91e86f"},"description":"Complete chronicle of Mount Etna eruptions from June 14 to August 18, 2024. Interactive timeline of paroxysmal events from Central Crater, lava fountains and strombolian activity with INGV scientific data.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cronologia-Eruzioni-Etna-2024.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Cronologia-Eruzioni-Etna-2024.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/chronology-of-recent-eruptions-of-the-summit-craters-of-etna\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Mount Etna Eruptions 2024 | Detailed Timeline of Summit Crater Events"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/","name":"Guide Vulcanologiche Etna Nord","description":"Guide Etna Abilitate","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/100399a111d4a3ff97a15cc8bd91e86f","name":"GuideV","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/90bb4feedf91f89b8c0278587564128202b29365bc37ea86a60ca3ef42414475?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/90bb4feedf91f89b8c0278587564128202b29365bc37ea86a60ca3ef42414475?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/90bb4feedf91f89b8c0278587564128202b29365bc37ea86a60ca3ef42414475?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"GuideV"},"url":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/author\/guidev\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61592","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61592"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61592\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62199,"href":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61592\/revisions\/62199"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61592"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61592"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidevulcanologicheetna.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61592"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}